Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)NMR Example

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)NMR Example Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)NMR â€" Assignment Example > IntroductionNuclear Magnetic Resonance, otherwise abbreviated as NMR, is a method of mapping the molecular structures and studying how they function as well as how they relate, using a technique which is non-destructive. This technique has its basis in the fact that many atoms have nuclei which behave as little magnets. Have magnetic qualities. When the tiny magnets are inside a larger one, the South Pole ends of the tiny magnets get in line with the bigger magnet’s North Pole. In so doing, the tiny magnets take in some energy and start acting in a “spin”, “wobble” or even “flip” manner. This action, also referred to as resonance, has the ability of being physically mapped to indicate the atoms present within the molecule and their location in relation to the others, hence the name Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance had been formerly expressed and evaluated by Isidor Rabi in terms of molecular beams(1938) 1. He was later awarded a Nobel Prize in p hysics for this. 2. Edward Mills Purcell and Felix Bloch extended this to be applied in liquids as well as solids, resulting in their sharing of the Nobel Prize in physics (1952). 3 Purcell put more efforts on this development as well as the radar application, in the Radiation Laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the period of the Second World War. In his project of identifying and generating the radio frequency energy as well as its up take by matter, he discovered Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Edward Mills Purcell and Felix Bloch realized that the magnetic nuclei, such as 1H as well as 31P, were able to take in the radio frequency energy when located in any magnetic field with strength in line with the nuclei’s identity. NMR, though formerly applied in physics, has been used greatly as the analytical technique for revealing the chemical structures as well as the material properties. It parallels the electromagnetic technology development and the introductio n of electromagnetic technology for use by civilians. Therefore, in an attempt to fully exploit the information regarding Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, this work expounds on various aspects including applications, types, and properties (Akitt, 2000). Types of nuclear magnetic resonanceNuclear magnetic resonance has two main types of instruments; the continuous wave instruments and the Fourier transform instruments. The continuous wave instruments were used formerly in experiments; however, in 1970 there was availability of the Fourier transform instrument which has currently taken the market. The continuous wave instruments These spectrometers are same as the optical spectrometers in principle. This entails a sample being held strongly in a magnetic field which is very strong, while the source frequency gets slowly scanned. However, some instruments have this frequency constantly held while field scanning takes place. Fourier transform instrumentsThe amount of energy changes experien ced in the NMR spectroscopy are quite small, hence sensitivity becomes a great limitations. In order to increase sensitivity, several spectra may be recorded and added together; and since there is random noise, this causes addition as square root of recorded spectra number. While using the instrument of continuous wave, there will be much time required for spectra collection since one scan uses approximately 2-8 minutes. However, Fourier transform instruments (FT-NMR) irradiates all spectrum frequencies simultaneously through the pulse of a radio frequency. The nuclei go back to the thermal equilibrium by tracking the pulse. The instrument records the emission signal with time domain as relaxation of the nuclei takes place.